Monthly Archives: October 2008

Dropbox

I feel I am due for a break from the GFC* and so will instead return to the subject of Web 2.0.

Whenever I come across a new Web 2.0 site/application/service I cannot help but sign up. A quick search for the phrase “welcome to” in my gmail archives throws up about 100 messages, representing only some of the debris of this obsession: sites I have signed up for, explored briefly and mostly never visited again.

Among these, however, is a recent discovery that has quickly become an indispensable tool. Alongside gmail and google calendar, Dropbox is now one of my favourite examples of “cloud computing”. In a nutshell, it provides synchronised offsite storage in an extraordinarily seamless way. For a new service, still only in beta, it is very impressive.

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Australia and the Global Financial Crisis

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Over the last few months I have written a lot about the global financial crisis. My posts have focused on specific events as news has broken, ranging from a programming bug by Moody’s to the enormous US bailout plan and Government guarantees from Ireland to Australia. Here I will instead take a broader perspective and provide an overview of how the crisis has unfolded and, more specifically, how Australia came to be caught up in the mess.

A year ago, many commentators were extolling the idea that Australia’s economy had “de-coupled” from the United States and Europe, and would continue to be powered by the rapid growth of China and other developing nations. Concerns about inflation meant that interest rates were rising and many felt Australia would escape the incipient economic slowdown in the developing world. Events have instead unfolded differently. The Federal Government has taken the extraordinary step of guaranteeing deposits held in all Australian banks, building societies and credit unions and the Reserve Bank of Australia has delivered an unexpected 1% cut in interest rates, citing heightened instability in financial markets and deteriorating prospects for global growth. This was an extraordinary turnaround. It is, of course, the result of Australia becoming ensnared in the global financial crisis that began in mid-2007 and has intensified ever since. But how and why did Australia get caught up in a mess that started with falling property prices in the US?

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Australian Bank Guarantee on Wholesale Debt

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In a post earlier this week, I wrote

The Government was right to step in with the guarantee and it has doubtless provided some stability for a financial system that remains jittery, but the sooner the details are sorted out, the better.

The main outstanding question I was referring to was how the guarantee would apply to wholesale debt. Uncertainty on this point has been creating significant concern for investors in cash management trust and other managed funds. The amount of money moved from these funds to bank deposits may be over $1 billion.

Finally today, the Government announced the wholesale guarantee fee, which will also apply to retail deposits over $1 million. While there had been speculation that the fee would vary based on the time to maturity of each security, the Government has instead opted for a fixed fee. The fee varies with the credit rating of the bank taking up the guarantee.

Credit Rating	Debt Issues Up to 60 Months
AA	0.70%
A	1.00%
BBB and Unrated	1.50%

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Banks Covered by the Australian Government Guarantee

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Following the shenanigans in parliament earlier this week, the Government has modified their original 12 October media release about the Government guarantee for banks. In the process they no longer list the local and foreign banks covered by the guarantee, so with the help of Google’s cache* I am republishing the original list here. The Government has also (finally) announced the terms of the wholesale guarantee, so stay tuned for another post on that subject. Update: here is that post.

Today the Government announced the fees payable for a guarantee on wholesale debt, which will also apply to retail deposits over $1 million. At the same time they announced that foreign bank branches will be able to access the deposit guarantee but only if they pay the fee, regardless of the size of the balance. The lowest possible fee is 0.70% (it varies with each bank’s credit rating) and the bank is sure to pass that on!

Note that foreign banks not in the list below are now also able to access the wholesale guarantee (for short-term debt only) and the deposit guarantee, but the wholesale guarantee fee will apply even on balances below $1 million.

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Market Capitulation

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Apparently the sky is falling, at least that is what stock markets around the world are suggesting.

The Japanese stock market fell 9.6% today, the Korean market fell 10.6% and while the Australian market “only” fell by 2.6%, the Australian dollar is now down below US$0.65. European markets are already down 6-8%. There were dramatic Government interventions in the financial markets around the world earlier this month, which markets took as good news, but it seems they were unable to sustain the initial optimism and have given in to complete despair. The Korean market once had one of the most liquid stock index futures markets in the world, courtesy of the participation of a very large number of retail investors. Today at one point there was simply no bid on the KOSPI. The term used in financial circles when markets simply give up like this is “capitulation”.

The financial crisis, which started in the US has now well and truly spread to the rest of the world. This week the focus of attention moved to Asian and emerging markets, as Argentina announced plans to seize control of private pension funds in what is seen as a desperate attempt to stave of their second default on their sovereign debt this decade. This has driven the price on credit default swaps of insuring against default by the Argentine Government to over 30%. Even the price of insurance against default by the Australian Government has soared from around 0.02% a few years ago to 0.90% today.

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Gravatars

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Readers of comments on the Stubborn Mule and other blogs may have noticed the little avatars like the one pictured here. Some may even have wondered how it is that some commenters manage to display a picture of themselves. If you are one of those people, or you are now curious, read on.

These avatars are known as “gravatars”, or globally recognized avatars. Gravatars provide a clever mechanism for frequent blog vistors to have the same image appear with their comments across all gravatar-enabled blogs. To create a gravatar of your own, you simply sign up at gravatar.com and upload an image.

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Collapsing Oil Prices

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The actions of Governments around the world to guarantee or recapitalise banks is starting to bring some stability to the financial sector, but markets are now expecting a worldwide economic slowdown and with it a dramatic decline in demand for oil. This has led to a collapse in the US dollar price of oil and, despite large falls in the value of the Australian dollar, even in Australian dollars oil has reached its lowest level this year.

Brent Crude Oil Prices*

On last night’s ABC news report, financial journalist Alan Kohler showed a chart of oil prices and petrol prices and questioned whether motorists were seeing price falls coming through to the bowser. This prompted me to revisit the regression model I have used in a number of previous posts. As I suspected, retail petrol prices as reported by the Australian Automobile Association (AAA) continue to track wholesale prices closely. While the AAA only publishes a monthly timeseries, they do publish a price each day supplied from FUELtrac, so I have also added a red dot on the chart showing today’s FUELtrac price. Contrary to Kohler’s conclusions, it is clear that petrol prices are falling in line with wholesale prices (in Sydney at least) and, subject to the fortunes of our dollar, it looks as though prices will be back below $1.30 per litre before long.

Sydney Petrol Price Regression Model*

*Data source: Australian Automobile Association, Bloomberg.

Update on the Guarantee of Australian Banks

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Treasury Secretary, Ken Henry, appeared before a Senate Estimates Committee today to provide some clarity on the nature of the consultation between the Government, Treasury and the Reserve Bank prior to the 12 October announcement that the Government would provide guarantees for all Australian banks. This followed yesterday’s article in The Australian which claimed that the Reserve Bank and Treasury were at odds on the question of providing an unlimited guarantee. Opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull tried to capitalise on the issue in Parliament the same day and, despite scoring some initial points, he lost the upper hand when he appeared to question Henry’s integrity.

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Come Back Keynes, All Is Forgiven!

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In current phase of the GFC* we are witnessing extraordinary Government intervention in the financial markets, with a host of countries providing enormous guarantees of bank liabilities, purchasing distressed assets or directly investing in ailing banks. Switzerland is the most recent country to follow this route, injecting around 6 billion Swiss Francs (A$8 billion) into UBS, gving the Government an estimated 9% stake in the erstwhile investment banking giant.

While the immediate aim of these moves is to save a financial system that is on the verge of collapse, there is also increasing concern that the ructions in the financial sector are a precursor to an extended global recession. This is also generating responses by Governments around the world. Here in Australia, the Rudd Government has announced a A$10.4 billion stimulus package, shelling out money to low-to-middle income families, pensioners and home-buyers.

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US Treasury: Proud New Owner of America’s Banks

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The latest moves by the US Treasury in the GFC have been hitting news headlines on the screens today:

US TO INVEST $250 BILLION DIRECTLY INTO BANKS
US TO GET PREFERRED SHARES IN BANKS
US TO INVEST IN MORGAN STANLEY, GOLDMAN, JPMORGAN, BANK OF NEW YORK, STATE STREET, CITIGROUP, BANK OF AMERICA, WELLS
US TO INVEST $10 BILLION IN GOLDMAN SACHS
US TO INVEST $25BLN EACH IN CITI, BANK OF AMERICA, JPM

This is a big shift in strategy from the original intention of the TARP bailout plan which aimed to help banks by buying up distressed assets from troubled banks rather than investing directly in them. Continue reading →